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2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 4
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Short Communication


Uncovering how interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 shape human immune defense against Salmonella enterica Typhi

Ruaa Kareem Surhan, Aqeel A. Al-sadawi, Ali Reyadh Medhat, Ahmed Al Obaidi.


Abstract
Background:
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi remains a major global health concern, particularly in regions with limited resources. Interleukins such as interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 are thought to play pivotal roles in shaping the host's immune defense against this pathogen, yet their precise contributions are not fully understood.

Aim:
This study aims to clarify how interleukin (IL)-5 and interleukin (IL)-23 interact within the human immune response during Typhi infection and whether they can serve as useful immunological markers.

Methods:
Blood samples were collected from patients with confirmed typhoid and healthy controls. Cytokine expression levels were analyzed using standard immunoassay techniques and molecular detection methods.

Results:
Both interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-23 were significantly upregulated in infected individuals compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Their elevated levels play a potential role in immune pathway modulation that could influence disease progression or recovery.

Conclusion:
Understanding how IL-5 and IL-23 contribute to host defense may open new avenues for developing better diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for typhoid fever.

Key words: Cytokine interplay; Paratyphoid; Interleukin-5; Interleukin-23.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Surhan RK, Al-sadawi AA, Medhat AR, Obaidi AA. Uncovering how interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 shape human immune defense against Salmonella enterica Typhi. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025; 15(4): 166-171. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.5

Web Style

Surhan RK, Al-sadawi AA, Medhat AR, Obaidi AA. Uncovering how interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 shape human immune defense against Salmonella enterica Typhi. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=270041 [Access: November 21, 2025]. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.5

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Surhan RK, Al-sadawi AA, Medhat AR, Obaidi AA. Uncovering how interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 shape human immune defense against Salmonella enterica Typhi. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025; 15(4): 166-171. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.5


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Surhan RK, Al-sadawi AA, Medhat AR, Obaidi AA. Uncovering how interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 shape human immune defense against Salmonella enterica Typhi. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2025), [cited November 21, 2025]; 15(4): 166-171. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.5


Harvard Style

Surhan, R. K., Al-sadawi, . A. A., Medhat, . A. R. & Obaidi, . A. A. (2025) Uncovering how interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 shape human immune defense against Salmonella enterica Typhi. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 15 (4), 166-171. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.5


Turabian Style

Surhan, Ruaa Kareem, Aqeel A. Al-sadawi, Ali Reyadh Medhat, and Ahmed Al Obaidi. 2025. Uncovering how interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 shape human immune defense against Salmonella enterica Typhi. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 15 (4), 166-171. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.5


Chicago Style

Surhan, Ruaa Kareem, Aqeel A. Al-sadawi, Ali Reyadh Medhat, and Ahmed Al Obaidi. "Uncovering how interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 shape human immune defense against Salmonella enterica Typhi." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 15 (2025), 166-171. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.5


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Surhan, Ruaa Kareem, Aqeel A. Al-sadawi, Ali Reyadh Medhat, and Ahmed Al Obaidi. "Uncovering how interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 shape human immune defense against Salmonella enterica Typhi." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 15.4 (2025), 166-171. Print. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.5


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Surhan, R. K., Al-sadawi, . A. A., Medhat, . A. R. & Obaidi, . A. A. (2025) Uncovering how interleukin-5 and interleukin-23 shape human immune defense against Salmonella enterica Typhi. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 15 (4), 166-171. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.5


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