E-ISSN 2146-9369 | ISSN 2146-3158
 
2025, Vol: 15, Issue: 4
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Research Article


Bacterial contamination assessment in the indoor air of university classrooms in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria

Agwaranze Dawn Ify, Usman Ikrimah Mohammed, Nwaneri Chioma Blessing.


Abstract
Background:
Indoor air quality (IAQ) has a significant impact on health, especially in educational settings with high human occupancy.

Aim:
This study assessed the bacterial load and diversity in the indoor air of classrooms at the Federal University Wukari, Nigeria.

Methods:
Passive air sampling (settle plate method) was used to collect air samples during morning and evening sessions with 10- and 30-min exposure times.

Results:
Bacterial loads ranged from 1.5 × 10² to 9.0 × 10² CFU/plate in the morning and from 1.0 × 10² CFU/plate to TNTC in the evening. Four bacterial species were identified: S. aureus (36.3%), B. subtilis (27.3%), E. aerogenes (18.2%), and E. coli (18.2%). S. aureus was consistently present, whereas E. coli appeared only in the morning samples.

Conclusion:
The presence of opportunistic pathogens, particularly E. coli, highlights a potential public health risk related to poor ventilation and hygiene. Enhanced IAQ management is recommended to reduce microbial exposure in university classrooms.

Key words: Indoor air quality; Classroom; Student; Staff; Federal University Wukari.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ify AD, Mohammed UI, Blessing NC. Bacterial contamination assessment in the indoor air of university classrooms in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025; 15(4): 154-165. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.4

Web Style

Ify AD, Mohammed UI, Blessing NC. Bacterial contamination assessment in the indoor air of university classrooms in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=261455 [Access: November 10, 2025]. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.4

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ify AD, Mohammed UI, Blessing NC. Bacterial contamination assessment in the indoor air of university classrooms in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025; 15(4): 154-165. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.4


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ify AD, Mohammed UI, Blessing NC. Bacterial contamination assessment in the indoor air of university classrooms in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2025), [cited November 10, 2025]; 15(4): 154-165. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.4


Harvard Style

Ify, A. D., Mohammed, . U. I. & Blessing, . N. C. (2025) Bacterial contamination assessment in the indoor air of university classrooms in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 15 (4), 154-165. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.4


Turabian Style

Ify, Agwaranze Dawn, Usman Ikrimah Mohammed, and Nwaneri Chioma Blessing. 2025. Bacterial contamination assessment in the indoor air of university classrooms in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 15 (4), 154-165. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.4


Chicago Style

Ify, Agwaranze Dawn, Usman Ikrimah Mohammed, and Nwaneri Chioma Blessing. "Bacterial contamination assessment in the indoor air of university classrooms in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 15 (2025), 154-165. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.4


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ify, Agwaranze Dawn, Usman Ikrimah Mohammed, and Nwaneri Chioma Blessing. "Bacterial contamination assessment in the indoor air of university classrooms in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 15.4 (2025), 154-165. Print. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.4


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ify, A. D., Mohammed, . U. I. & Blessing, . N. C. (2025) Bacterial contamination assessment in the indoor air of university classrooms in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 15 (4), 154-165. doi:10.5455/JMID.2025.v15.i4.4


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