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Research Article 


Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units of a University Hospital

Yasemin Akkoyunlu, Nefise Öztoprak, Hande Aydemir, Nihal Pişkin, Güven Çelebi, Handan Ankaralı, Deniz Akduman.


Cited By:13

Abstract
Objective: The evaluation of risk factors in patients with Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) may provide useful guidance for patients who need intensive care. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors of NP in ICU.
Methods: During the six months period of time, patients who stayed in ICUs for at least 48 hours were included in a tertiary medical center. A total of 304 patients were prospectively followed and 78 of them who developed NP made up the NP group. Patients who did not develop any infection were defined as control group. Variables which was thought or detected as a risk factor of NP in univariate analysis were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: Among 304 patients, 78 (25.6%) had NP. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (odds ratio [OR] 1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.06), length of stay (LOS) in the ICU (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.17-1.39), prior infection on admission to ICU (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.52-29.94), transfusion of blood and blood products (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.43-11.46) and prior antibiotic usage within the last two weeks before admission (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.28-8.48) were independent risk factors for NP. Additionally, the mean APACHE II score of cases with NP (16.7±6.7) was significantly higher than that of controls (11.5±8.1; p<0.001).
Conclusion: We must be awake to make the diagnosis earlier in patients with determined risk factors: advanced age, LOS in ICU, prior infection, transfusion of blood products and prior antibiotic usage.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Akkoyunlu Y, Oztoprak N, Aydemir H, Pişkin N, Celebi G, Ankaralı H, Akduman D. Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units of a University Hospital. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013; 3(1): 3-7 .

doi:10.5799/jmid2013.01.0070

Web Style

Akkoyunlu Y, Oztoprak N, Aydemir H, Pişkin N, Celebi G, Ankaralı H, Akduman D. Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units of a University Hospital. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=302657191 [Access: June 27, 2026].

doi:10.5799/jmid2013.01.0070

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Akkoyunlu Y, Oztoprak N, Aydemir H, Pişkin N, Celebi G, Ankaralı H, Akduman D. Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units of a University Hospital. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013; 3(1): 3-7 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.01.0070

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Akkoyunlu Y, Oztoprak N, Aydemir H, Pişkin N, Celebi G, Ankaralı H, Akduman D. Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units of a University Hospital. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2013), [cited June 27, 2026]; 3(1): 3-7 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.01.0070

Harvard Style

Akkoyunlu, Y., Oztoprak, . N., Aydemir, . H., Pişkin, . N., Celebi, . G., Ankaralı, . H. & Akduman, . D. (2013) Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units of a University Hospital. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 3 (1), 3-7 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.01.0070

Turabian Style

Akkoyunlu, Yasemin, Nefise Oztoprak, Hande Aydemir, Nihal Pişkin, Guven Celebi, Handan Ankaralı, and Deniz Akduman. 2013. Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units of a University Hospital. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3 (1), 3-7 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.01.0070

Chicago Style

Akkoyunlu, Yasemin, Nefise Oztoprak, Hande Aydemir, Nihal Pişkin, Guven Celebi, Handan Ankaralı, and Deniz Akduman. "Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units of a University Hospital." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3 (2013), 3-7 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.01.0070

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Akkoyunlu, Yasemin, Nefise Oztoprak, Hande Aydemir, Nihal Pişkin, Guven Celebi, Handan Ankaralı, and Deniz Akduman. "Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units of a University Hospital." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3.1 (2013), 3-7 . Print.


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.01.0070

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Akkoyunlu, Y., Oztoprak, . N., Aydemir, . H., Pişkin, . N., Celebi, . G., Ankaralı, . H. & Akduman, . D. (2013) Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units of a University Hospital. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3 (1), 3-7 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.01.0070

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