Association of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics with outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

Partha Sarathi Biswas; Devosri Sen; Anirban Homchoudhary; Deepika Makkar; Mahima Kapoor; Amandeep Goel

doi:10.5799/jmid.790260

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J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 10(3): 121-135

doi: 10.5799/jmid.790260

Association of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics with outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis

Partha Sarathi Biswas, Devosri Sen, Anirban Homchoudhary, Deepika Makkar, Mahima Kapoor, Amandeep Goel.

Cited By:9

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess association between a composite clinical outcome (severe infection/ required ICU admission/ death) of COVID-19 pneumonia and demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of these patients.
Methods: A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science till July. Relative risk (RRs), standardized mean difference (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. We described overall estimates of relevant data of clinical importance from 116,260 COVID-19 pneumonia patients including 19,628 with composite end points from 40 observational studies of 5 countries.
Results: The result showed that male gender (RR=1.24, p <.001), older age (SMD= 3.19, P<.001) especially > 64 years (RR=2.52, P <.001) followed aggravated course. Delayed hospitalization (SMD=.75, p= 0.005), presence of co-morbidity (RR= 1.76, p<.001) and multiple co-morbidities (RR=1.50, p<.001) were associated with higher risk of fatal course. Pooled data reported significantly high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (SMD=10.79, p<.001), low lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (SMD=-3.89, p<.001), low platelet count (SMD=-1.622, p<.001), prolonged prothrombin time (SMD=0.98, p<.001), high lactate dehydrogenase (SMD=6.260, p<.001), D-dimer (SMD=1.92, p<.001), creatine kinase (SMD=1.68, p= 0.001) and interleukin-6 level (SMD=2.84, P=.001) in patients with fatal outcome. Funnel plots and Egger 's tests did not reveal any significant publication bias.
Conclusions: Features like older age, male gender, presence of co-morbidities and delayed hospitalization along with the laboratory findings consistent with infection, immune system activation, coagulation disorder and tissue damage could help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 9(3):121-135.

Key words: COVID-19, risk factors, predictors, statistical association, outcome, adversity, death/ fatality, laboratory results

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Pubmed Style

Biswas PS, Sen D, Homchoudhary A, Makkar D, Kapoor M, Goel A. Association of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics with outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 10(3): 121-135 .

doi:10.5799/jmid.790260

Web Style

Biswas PS, Sen D, Homchoudhary A, Makkar D, Kapoor M, Goel A. Association of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics with outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=302657124 [Access: June 28, 2026].

doi:10.5799/jmid.790260

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Biswas PS, Sen D, Homchoudhary A, Makkar D, Kapoor M, Goel A. Association of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics with outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 10(3): 121-135 .

doi:10.5799/jmid.790260

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

doi:10.5799/jmid.790260

Harvard Style

Biswas, P. S., Sen, . D., Homchoudhary, . A., Makkar, . D., Kapoor, . M. & Goel, . A. (2020) Association of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics with outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 10 (3), 121-135 .

doi:10.5799/jmid.790260

Turabian Style

Biswas, Partha Sarathi, Devosri Sen, Anirban Homchoudhary, Deepika Makkar, Mahima Kapoor, and Amandeep Goel. 2020. Association of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics with outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 10 (3), 121-135 .

doi:10.5799/jmid.790260

Chicago Style

Biswas, Partha Sarathi, Devosri Sen, Anirban Homchoudhary, Deepika Makkar, Mahima Kapoor, and Amandeep Goel. "Association of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics with outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 10 (2020), 121-135 .

doi:10.5799/jmid.790260

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

doi:10.5799/jmid.790260

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

doi:10.5799/jmid.790260

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