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Research Article 


Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age in Dar es Salaam: Causes, Clinical, and Laboratory Predictors of Bacterial Pathogens.

Florence Salvatory Kalabamu, Paulinne Lukumo Mpongo, Esther Daniel Mwaikambo.


Abstract
Objectives: Acute diarrhea is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Bacteria tend to cause more fatal illnesses and complications such as septicemia and persistent diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the causes of acute diarrhea, laboratory and clinical predictors of bacterial causes, and antimicrobial resistance pattern among the isolates among children in Dar es salaam, Tanzania.
Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Dar es salaam Hospitals from April 2015 to March 2016 among children below five years of age who presented with acute diarrhea. Demographic characteristics and results from stool specimen analysis, complete blood count, C- reactive protein and antimicrobial resistance results were recorded using a pre-structured clinical research form.
Results: Among 200 children enrolled, viruses were identified in 149 (74.5%) of the cases. Bacterial pathogens were found in 15 (7.5%) cases only. Elevated stool red blood cell count, stool white blood cell count, and fever were highly associated with enteric bacterial pathogens (p<0.001, p=0.002 and p=0.04 respectively). Most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to Cotrimoxazole and erythromycin but highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone.
Conclusion: Fever, elevated stool leukocyte and elevated stool red blood cells are significant predictors of bacterial enteric pathogens in children with acute diarrhea. These parameters may guide clinicians in resource-limited settings in the diagnosis and management of acute diarrhea. Further studies should be conducted to determine local antimicrobial resistance patterns. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(3):208-214.

Key words: Acute diarrhea, causes, predictors, antimicrobial resistance, children


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Kalabamu FS, Mpongo PL, Mwaikambo ED. Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age in Dar es Salaam: Causes, Clinical, and Laboratory Predictors of Bacterial Pathogens.. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 10(4): 208-214 .

doi:10.5799/jmid.839445

Web Style

Kalabamu FS, Mpongo PL, Mwaikambo ED. Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age in Dar es Salaam: Causes, Clinical, and Laboratory Predictors of Bacterial Pathogens.. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=302657037 [Access: June 27, 2026].

doi:10.5799/jmid.839445

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Kalabamu FS, Mpongo PL, Mwaikambo ED. Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age in Dar es Salaam: Causes, Clinical, and Laboratory Predictors of Bacterial Pathogens.. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 10(4): 208-214 .


doi:10.5799/jmid.839445

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Kalabamu FS, Mpongo PL, Mwaikambo ED. Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age in Dar es Salaam: Causes, Clinical, and Laboratory Predictors of Bacterial Pathogens.. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2020), [cited June 27, 2026]; 10(4): 208-214 .


doi:10.5799/jmid.839445

Harvard Style

Kalabamu, F. S., Mpongo, . P. L. & Mwaikambo, . E. D. (2020) Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age in Dar es Salaam: Causes, Clinical, and Laboratory Predictors of Bacterial Pathogens.. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 10 (4), 208-214 .


doi:10.5799/jmid.839445

Turabian Style

Kalabamu, Florence Salvatory, Paulinne Lukumo Mpongo, and Esther Daniel Mwaikambo. 2020. Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age in Dar es Salaam: Causes, Clinical, and Laboratory Predictors of Bacterial Pathogens.. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 10 (4), 208-214 .


doi:10.5799/jmid.839445

Chicago Style

Kalabamu, Florence Salvatory, Paulinne Lukumo Mpongo, and Esther Daniel Mwaikambo. "Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age in Dar es Salaam: Causes, Clinical, and Laboratory Predictors of Bacterial Pathogens.." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 10 (2020), 208-214 .


doi:10.5799/jmid.839445

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Kalabamu, Florence Salvatory, Paulinne Lukumo Mpongo, and Esther Daniel Mwaikambo. "Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age in Dar es Salaam: Causes, Clinical, and Laboratory Predictors of Bacterial Pathogens.." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 10.4 (2020), 208-214 . Print.


doi:10.5799/jmid.839445

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Kalabamu, F. S., Mpongo, . P. L. & Mwaikambo, . E. D. (2020) Acute Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age in Dar es Salaam: Causes, Clinical, and Laboratory Predictors of Bacterial Pathogens.. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 10 (4), 208-214 .


doi:10.5799/jmid.839445

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