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2026, Vol: 16, Issue: 3
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Review Article


Insights into human immune response to Rubella virus infection

Balid Albarbar.


Abstract
Rubella virus (RV), also known as German measles, is a member of the Togaviridae family and is the causative agent of rubella. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, rubella remains a significant global public health concern, particularly due to its teratogenic effects when contracted during pregnancy. Pregnant women who contract rubella in the first trimester can experience miscarriage or congenital rubella syndrome. Understanding the intricacies of the human immune response to rubella is essential for optimizing vaccination strategies and controlling outbreaks. This paper briefly reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the immune response to RV, including the mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity, immune memory, vaccine-induced immunity, and correlates of protection. Furthermore, the implications of immune evasion mechanisms employed by the virus are explored, and avenues for future research to improve vaccine efficacy and control the transmission of rubella are discussed.

Key words: Immune evasion; Immune memory; Immune response; Rubella virus; Vaccination.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Balid Albarbar. Insights into human immune response to Rubella virus infection. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2026; 16(3): 160-164. doi:10.5455/JMID.2026.v16.i3.5

Web Style

Balid Albarbar. Insights into human immune response to Rubella virus infection. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=306881 [Access: August 20, 2026]. doi:10.5455/JMID.2026.v16.i3.5

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Balid Albarbar. Insights into human immune response to Rubella virus infection. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2026; 16(3): 160-164. doi:10.5455/JMID.2026.v16.i3.5


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Balid Albarbar. Insights into human immune response to Rubella virus infection. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2026), [cited August 20, 2026]; 16(3): 160-164. doi:10.5455/JMID.2026.v16.i3.5


Harvard Style

Balid Albarbar (2026) Insights into human immune response to Rubella virus infection. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 16 (3), 160-164. doi:10.5455/JMID.2026.v16.i3.5


Turabian Style

Balid Albarbar. 2026. Insights into human immune response to Rubella virus infection. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 16 (3), 160-164. doi:10.5455/JMID.2026.v16.i3.5


Chicago Style

Balid Albarbar. "Insights into human immune response to Rubella virus infection." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 16 (2026), 160-164. doi:10.5455/JMID.2026.v16.i3.5


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Balid Albarbar. "Insights into human immune response to Rubella virus infection." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 16.3 (2026), 160-164. Print. doi:10.5455/JMID.2026.v16.i3.5


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Balid Albarbar (2026) Insights into human immune response to Rubella virus infection. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 16 (3), 160-164. doi:10.5455/JMID.2026.v16.i3.5


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About Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (JMID) is an international "peer review" journal in microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, ... Read more.



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