E-ISSN 2146-9369 | ISSN 2146-3158
 
2026, Vol: 16, Issue: 4
16 / 4Current Issue ArchiveAims and ScopeAbstracting & IndexingMost Accessed ArticlesMost Downloaded ArticlesMost Cited Articles
Required files to be uploaded

Title Page

Research Article 


Standardization of process for increased production of pure and potent tetanus toxin

Chellamani Muniandi, Premkumar Lakshmanan, Kavaratty Raju Mani, Subashkumar Rathinasamy.


Cited By:3

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to increase the yield of tetanus toxin in short time fermentor cultivation and also to produce pure and potent tetanus toxin replacing initial nitrogen source (N.Z Case) with papain digest broth in the modified Mueller Miller medium (MMMM).
Materials and Methods: A fermentor, using a vibromixer and optimum supply of sterile air to the headspace of the fermentor to flush out the accumulated gases was used. The MMMM containing initial N.Z Case was replaced with papain digest broth was used successfully.
Results: It was found that under optimal conditions of temperature, vibromixing, surface aeration, and an alkaline pH favored toxin release. Furthermore, to enhance the production volume, fermentor culture is more suitable. The tetanus toxin was produced with good Limes flocculation (Lf) titre and high antigenic purity. A significant increase in the tetanus toxin yield in short time cultivation (about 5 to 6 days against 8 days) was noticed even with MMMM containing papain digest broth instead of N.Z.Case.
Conclusion: For large-scale production of puri¬fied and potent (antigenic purity) tetanus toxin, the use of fermentor technology can be utilized under optimal conditions. The production medium using indigenously available ingredients containing high level of aminonitrogen as in the case of PDM can be substi¬tuted in place of N.Z Case, which is being imported and expensive, in addition to lot-lot variation.


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Chellamani Muniandi
Articles by Premkumar Lakshmanan
Articles by Kavaratty Raju Mani
Articles by Subashkumar Rathinasamy
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Muniandi C, Lakshmanan P, Mani KR, Rathinasamy S. Standardization of process for increased production of pure and potent tetanus toxin. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013; 3(3): 133-139 .

doi:10.5799/jmid2013.03.0096

Web Style

Muniandi C, Lakshmanan P, Mani KR, Rathinasamy S. Standardization of process for increased production of pure and potent tetanus toxin. https://www.jmidonline.org/?mno=302656999 [Access: June 27, 2026].

doi:10.5799/jmid2013.03.0096

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Muniandi C, Lakshmanan P, Mani KR, Rathinasamy S. Standardization of process for increased production of pure and potent tetanus toxin. J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013; 3(3): 133-139 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.03.0096

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Muniandi C, Lakshmanan P, Mani KR, Rathinasamy S. Standardization of process for increased production of pure and potent tetanus toxin. J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2013), [cited June 27, 2026]; 3(3): 133-139 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.03.0096

Harvard Style

Muniandi, C., Lakshmanan, . P., Mani, . K. R. & Rathinasamy, . S. (2013) Standardization of process for increased production of pure and potent tetanus toxin. J Microbiol Infect Dis, 3 (3), 133-139 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.03.0096

Turabian Style

Muniandi, Chellamani, Premkumar Lakshmanan, Kavaratty Raju Mani, and Subashkumar Rathinasamy. 2013. Standardization of process for increased production of pure and potent tetanus toxin. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3 (3), 133-139 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.03.0096

Chicago Style

Muniandi, Chellamani, Premkumar Lakshmanan, Kavaratty Raju Mani, and Subashkumar Rathinasamy. "Standardization of process for increased production of pure and potent tetanus toxin." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3 (2013), 133-139 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.03.0096

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Muniandi, Chellamani, Premkumar Lakshmanan, Kavaratty Raju Mani, and Subashkumar Rathinasamy. "Standardization of process for increased production of pure and potent tetanus toxin." Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 3.3 (2013), 133-139 . Print.


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.03.0096

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Muniandi, C., Lakshmanan, . P., Mani, . K. R. & Rathinasamy, . S. (2013) Standardization of process for increased production of pure and potent tetanus toxin. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3 (3), 133-139 .


doi:10.5799/jmid2013.03.0096

Author LoginReviewer LoginAbout PublisherOpen Access PolicyEditorial PoliciesPeer Review PolicyPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice StatementConflict of Interest PolicyPlagiarism PolicyProtection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)Privacy PolicyCorrections, Retractions & Expressions of ConcernSelf-Archiving PoliciesDigital Archiving & Preservation PoliciesStatement of Informed ConsentAdvertising PolicyAI PolicyTerms of UseLicense InformationCopyright Information

About Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

About the JournalThe Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (JMID) is an international peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing research and ... Read more.



For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.

Contact Information

All correspondence should be addressed to:

Eldaghayes Publisher

Tripoli - Libya

www.eldaghayes.com 



Email: info@eldaghayes.com